The transfer of coal from one vessel to another, often at a transshipment hub or port, to facilitate transportation to the final destination.

The transportation of coal using barges, typically on rivers or canals.

The transportation of coal from the mine to the processing plant or loading facility.

A facility where coal is loaded onto ships or barges for transportation to end-users.

The storage of coal in large piles at the mine or terminal to manage supply and demand fluctuations.

The process of cleaning coal to remove impurities such as ash, sulfur, and other contaminants to improve its quality and calorific value.

The practice of mixing different grades or types of coal to achieve a desired quality or specification for specific end-use applications.

The series of operations that prepare coal for use, including crushing, screening, washing, and blending.

The management of the entire supply chain for coal, including transportation, storage, and distribution from the mine to the end user.

A site where coal is extracted from the ground, which can be either surface or underground mining operations.

A layer of coal that is economically viable to mine, typically found in sedimentary rock formations.

A concentration of coal that can be economically extracted, often referred to as a coal field or coal basin.

The process of searching for coal deposits, including geological surveys, drilling, and sampling to assess the quantity and quality of coal reserves.

The rock or soil layer that needs to be removed to access the ore being mined. Also referred to as spoil or waste. Overburden is removed during surface mining and typically does not contain toxic components.

A requirement for Indonesian coal producers to allocate a certain percentage of their annual production to meet domestic demand, primarily for power generation (especially for state-owned utility PT PLN) and other domestic industries (like cement, fertilizer, and metallurgy).

A minimum reference price implemented by the Indonesian government for all coal transactions, both domestically and for export, adjusted bi-monthly to reflect global market.